Red Wolf (Canis rufus)

Once covering the southeastern United States, red wolves were declared extinct in their native habitat in 1980. Following a semi-successful reintroduction effort in 1987, today red wolves are currently threatened by habitat loss, hybridization with coyotes, and human-related mortality (hunting, poaching, habitat loss, and vehicle strikes).
 
IUCN Red List ranks the species’ status as critically endangered, and now found only in eastern North Carolina.

Appearance
-- Mid-sized, between a coyote and a gray wolf, weighing 45-80lbs
-- Long legs, large ears
-- Distinctive cinnamon-red, tawny, or buff-colored coat, often with black-tipped, bushy tails and black fur along their backs
-- 4ft long and stand 26in at the shoulder

Habitat
-- Prefer upland forests, coastal prairies, swamps, and marshes

Social behavior
-- Live in packs, usually comprising of a breeding pair and their offspring
-- Highly territorial, families work together to raise and protect their young

Favorite snacks
-- Carnivores, meat-eaters
-- Expert hunter, work together in a pack, males and females
-- Prey includes smaller mammals like raccoons, rabbits, rodents, and white-tailed deer

Predators
-- Adults have no natural predators other than humans (hunters, farmers)
-- Pups are vulnerable to large predators, like alligators, bobcats, and raptors

Reproduction
-- Breed once a year (January thru March)
-- Produce litters of 1–9 pups

Lifespan
-- Native habitat: 7-8 yrs
-- In human care: 15+ yrs

IUCN Red List status: Red wolves are considered a Critically Endangered species, once thought to be extinct in their native habitat; population decline due to hybridization, habitat loss, and human-caused mortality.

------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------

Additional Red Wolf info and shares

     -- Download Red Wolf image (PDF)

     -- Download Red Wolf fact sheet (PDF)

     -- Download Red Wolf coloring sheet (PDF)


Animal adoption: Support Montgomery Zoo hippos and those remain in their native habitat by adopting a Red Wolf today.  

Zoo donations: Help support the conservation efforts that are taking place at the Montgomery Zoo and across the world by donating today. 

Amazon Wish List: Support our animal care teams by purchasing essential supplies directly from our Amazon Wish List. Every item contributes to the well-being and enrichment of our animals.

     -- Education Wishlist: https://a.co/0fnmX0R8

     -- Animal Care Wishlist: https://a.co/05swZT9G

     -- Vet Clinic Wishlist: https://a.co/03cA0cEq

Andean condor  (Vultur gryphus)

Range:  The Andean condor is found in South America in the Andes mountain range; including the Santa Marta Mountains. In the north, its range begins in Venezuela and Colombia, where it is extremely rare, then continues south along the Andes in Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, through Bolivia and western Argentina to the Tierra del Fuego.

Description: Andean condors have the largest wing area of any bird, reaching nearly 11 feet. Their feathers turn dark at maturity (while juveniles are olive-grey and brown), with a white collar or downy plumage around the base of their necks. They also have white flight feathers on their wings as adults, with those of the male being more pronounced.

Diet: Condors are primarily scavengers and feed on carrion, such as the remains of deer, cow, sheep, and the like, though they will eat smaller animals when they can find them.

Lifespan: 45-50 years in the wild, with the oldest on record living in captivity to 79 years.

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

The Bald Eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle. Clearly recognized by its white head, brown body, and hooked yellow beak, the bald eagle has been the national emblem of the United States of America since 1782.

Range:  Includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico.  Bald eagles prefer living in areas close to bodies of water, as their favorite prey is fish. They can be found in wetlands, on the coasts, near lakes or rivers, and in marshes.

Description: Known as a raptor, it displays a white head at maturity, brown body, and hooked yellow beak. Eagles have an impressive wingspan reaching 6-7.5 feet.

Diet: Waterfowl, small mammals and fish; including squirrels, prairie dogs, raccoons, rabbits, birds, and fish.

Lifespan: 20-30 years in the wild, and some eagles in captivity have lived up to 50 years. Currently, their population is thriving with a status of least concerned.   

Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis)

Range:  Major populations of Canadian lynx, Lynx canadensis, are found throughout Canada, in western Montana, and in nearby parts of Idaho and Washington. There are small populations in New England and Utah and possibly in Oregon, Wyoming and Colorado as well. Lynx are generally found in moist, boreal forests that have cold, snowy winters and a high density of their favorite prey: the snowshoe hare. Lynx can be found throughout much of the boreal forest of Alaska and Canada.

Description: The Canada lynx has very thick, light brown or gray fur with light black spots. It has large ears with long black tufts at the ends. Its tail is short with a black tip at the end. It has a pointed, beard-like ruff and long legs with big paws. Its huge paws have adapted in such a way that they can easily help the wild cat maneuver through deep snow while providing for a strong grip.

Diet: Canada lynx eat mice, squirrels, and birds, but prefer the snowshoe hare. The lynx are so dependent on this prey that their populations fluctuate with a periodic plunge in snowshoe hare numbers that occurs about every ten years. Bigger Eurasian lynx hunt deer and other larger prey in addition to small animals.

Lifespan: Females reach sexual maturity at ten months, although they often delay breeding for another year, whereas males reach maturity at two or three years. Canada lynxes have been reported to live for up to 16 years in wild, though most do not make it beyond 10 years; in captivity the lifespan may be as long as 27 years.

Cougar (Puma concolor)

Range:  Cougars range from northwestern Canada to Patagonia, South America. Click on a range map to see where cougars live in Washington and California. Cougars make their dens in rocky ledges, dense thickets and under uprooted trees. They are very adaptable and can survive in tropical forests, swamps, grasslands, mountain conifer forests, desert scrub, and any location with adequate cover and prey. Cougars prefer densely forested areas in coastal swamps, rocky cliffs and mountain ranges as their habitat.

Description: Cougars have long, slender bodies and small, broad, round heads. Ears are short, erect and rounded. The short fur is usually tawny (brownish red-orange to light brown), more tan in the summer months and grayer during the winter. The muzzle, chin and underparts are a creamy white.

Diet: Cougars are carnivores, which means they eat meat. The eastern cougar's main food source is the white-tailed deer. A cougar kills and eats from one deer every seven to 10 days. They will also kill and feed on other smaller animals such as rabbits, porcupines, raccoons, even mice.

Lifespan: Life expectancy in the wild is reported at eight to 13 years, and probably averages eight to 10; a female of at least 18 years was reported killed by hunters on Vancouver Island. Cougars may live as long as 20 years in captivity.

Cougars are also called: Mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther. This cat is known by more names than just about any other mammal! But no matter what you call it, it's still the same cat, Puma concolor, the largest of the small cat species.

American elk (Cervus canadensis)

Range:  Elk were once found across much of North America but they were killed off and driven to take refuge in more remote locations. Today they live primarily in western North America, especially in mountainous landscapes such as Wyoming's National Elk Refuge and Yellowstone National Park. The major habitat of the elk is forest, forest edge and alpine meadows. Elks found in mountainous areas, usually live at high elevations in summer and migrate down the slope by winter. However, this animal is very adaptable, due to which it's also found in semi-deserts of North America.

Description: An elk's body can range from a pale gray to tan and brown; brown or tan above and darker underneath. Elk have slender legs and a thick neck. Their legs, head, and thick neck fur are a darker brown. Their rump patch and very short tail are a light tan color. Most deer and elk shed their antlers during March and April, a time when their testosterone levels are generally at the lowest. The low testosterone levels causes the bone connected to the base of the antler to deteriorate and eventually fall off.

Diet: Elk are herbivores, which means they only eat vegetation. Their diet changes depending on the year, eating grasses in the summer and woody growth in the winter months, according to the ADW. They prefer dandelions, violets, hawkweed, aster, clover and mushrooms as their favorite treats.

Lifespan: The gestation period is the same for all subspecies. Elk live 20 years or more in captivity but average 10 to 13 years in the wild. In some subspecies that suffer less predation, they may live an average of 15 years in the wild.

Prairie bison (Bos bison bison)

Range:  American bison live in river valleys, and on prairies and plains. Typical habitat is open or semiopen grasslands, as well as sagebrush, semiarid lands, and scrublands. Some lightly wooded areas are also known historically to have supported bison. Bison can be found in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, National Bison Range in the Flathead Valley of Montana, the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Oklahoma, the Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge in northern Nebraska, Sullys Hill National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern North Dakota and as far north as Canada.

Description: The bison has long shaggy brown fur, a mane and beard under its chin and a long tail with a tuft of hair at the end. It has a big head with short black horns and a hump on its shoulders. They are also tall animals, with the height at the shoulder ranging from 7-8 feet for males and 6-7 feet in females. Two distinctive features of bison are the shoulder hump and their huge head. Fur color is brown, varying slightly from the front and back of the animal. Both male and female bison have short, curved, black horns, which can grow to two feet long.

Diet: Bison are herbivores, feeding on the grasses of the prairie land all year round. They will generally rest during the day and graze in the mornings and evenings. Bison also need to find water every day.

Lifespan: At three years of age, bison cows are mature enough to produce a calf. Bison have a life expectancy around 15 years in the wild and up to 25 years in captivity.

Why do we call bison buffalo? They often give them the same name as some European species they were familiar with. They gave the American bison or simply bison (Bison bison) the name buffalo because they looked like Asian water buffalo or the African buffalo. The American bison is closely related to the European bison (also known as wisent).

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Range:  The white-tailed deer can be found in southern Canada and most of the United States, except for the Southwest, Alaska and Hawaii. A deer's home range is usually less the a square mile. Deer collect in family groups of a mother and her fawns. When a doe has no fawns, she is usually solitary. White-tailed deer can adapt to a wide range of habitats. They are commonly found in temperate forests, partially wooded lowlands, open prairies, savannahs, mountains, tropical forests, and wetlands.

Description: The white-tailed deer is tan or brown in the summer and grayish brown in winter. It has white on its throat, around its eyes and nose, on its stomach and on the underside of its tail. The male has antlers. Males weigh between 150 and 300 pounds and females weigh between 90 and 200 pounds. Unlike horns on cattle which are permanent, male deer lose and re-grow their antlers every year. In the whitetail deer family only bucks over 1 year old have antlers. During winter bucks lose their antlers and then begin to re-grow new antlers. As the antlers grow they are covered in a soft hairy skin called velvet.

Diet: White-tailed deer are herbivores, leisurely grazing on most available plant foods. Their stomachs allow them to digest a varied diet, including leaves, twigs, fruits and nuts, grass, corn, alfalfa, and even lichens and other fungi.

Lifespan: The life span of a white-tailed deer can be from six to14 years in captivity. In the wild, the majority of deer don't make it to that age because of disease, hunting and automobile collisions. The average life span for wild white-tailed deer is 4.5 years.